Symptoms

• The main symptom of scarlet fever is a red rash caused by the bacteria releasing toxins. The rash has a rough texture and may itch. It usually starts in one place and then spreads to other parts of the body; the ears, neck and chest are frequently the most affected areas. The face also appears flushed. Other symptoms are a sore throat and swollen glands. Symptoms take between one and four days to develop after infection.
  
  

Infection

• Children between the ages of 4 and 8 are most likely to catch scarlet fever, particularly if they are in a crowded environment every day, such as nursery and school. By the age of 10, children acquire immunity to the bacteria. Babies are less affected as mothers pass immunity to them that lasts until they are at least 2 years old. Also, there is no evidence to show that catching scarlet fever while pregnant puts the baby at any risk.
  
  

Treatment

• Mild cases usually clear up within a week, without treatment. However, with treatment, the symptoms disappear in four to five days and there is less chance of complications developing. A 10-day course of antibiotics -- either penicillin or erythromycin -- is the usual treatment. Paracetamol is given to reduce any pain and calamine lotion is used to relieve itching.