Susceptible Breeds

• Long- and silky-coated breeds, such as the Maltese, Papillon, Shih Tzu, and Lhasa Apso, are most susceptible to matting. Dogs with double coats, such the Newfoundland, can also have problems with matting if not sufficiently groomed during shedding season.
  
  

Causes

• Mats are usually caused by inadequate grooming. Long-coated dogs should be brushed or combed at least a few times a week, and groomed at least four times a year.
  
  Chewing, itching, or scratching can also tangle hair and cause mats. Even if the mats are removed, if the dog is still itching, it will tangle and mat its hair as the hair grows in.
  
  

Effects

• Mats collect dirt and moisture, and give bacteria a place to grow, often causing sores and infections. Mats also cause discomfort, and lead to itching and scratching.
  
  

Solutions

• It's best to take your dog to a groomer to have the mats removed, and then schedule regular grooming appointments to keep your dog's coat from becoming matted again.
  
  If the mats are small and aren't too close to the skin, you could decide to remove them yourself. To remove the mats, you'll need a de-matting tool or rake, and a pair of small grooming scissors, which you can buy at your local pet-supply store in the grooming section.
  
  If your dog has a problem which is causing it to scratch its skin and create mats, take your dog to the vet to diagnose and treat the problem. Common causes of itching are allergies or fleas.