Impaired Function

• In addition to retaining toxins, the kidneys are unable to produce certain hormones and other agents necessary to manufacture red blood cells. The balance of water and electrolyte distribution, as well as system pH cannot be maintained.
  
  

Contributing Factors

• Canine degenerative kidney disease often occurs as the result of another disease, such as cancer; infection; and autoimmune, inflammatory or endocrine disorders.
  
  

Susceptible Breeds

• Degenerative kidney disease occurs more often in these breeds: German shepherd, golden retriever, Norwegian elkhound, Doberman pinscher, cocker spaniel, Lhasa apso, bull terrier and cairn terrier.
  
  

Symptoms

• Common symptoms include excessive thirst, muscle weakness, lethargy, depressed appetite and increased urination.
  
  

Diagnosis

• Diagnosis is made from blood and urine tests, ultrasound and, in come cases, biopsy.
  
  

Treatment

• Symptom management consists of fluid replacement, phosphate restriction and potassium supplementation. Drug therapies include steroids and anti-nausea medications.