History

• Sodium hypochlorite, the active ingredient in bleach, was discovered in 1785 by French chemist Claude Louis Berthollet. He created the substance from a chlorine-potash solution and, in 1789, sold the formula as "eau de Javelle." It wasn't until the 19th century that Louis Pasteur realized its disinfectant properties.
  In 1913, Clorox bleach was introduced and more brands of the substance soon followed. Today, many types and brands of bleach are available to consumers.
  
  

Function

• Bleach has many uses, the most common being whitening of laundry. It is also used in many different cleaning solutions due to its sterilizing components. It can be diluted and used for cleaning directly from the bottle. It is known for its ability to remove stains from clothing and surfaces, and for removing color from fabrics or textiles. Other uses include whitening paper and straw, and purifying water.
  
  

Types

• There are two different types of bleach--chlorine and oxygen. Chlorine bleach contains approximately 3 to 6 percent sodium hypochlorite. Oxygen bleach is sometimes known as peroxide bleach. It contains hydrogen peroxide or a compound that releases peroxide such as sodium percarbonate.
  
  

Benefits

• Bleach contains strong disinfectant and antibacterial properties. A recent study published in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology showed that diluted household bleach can kill mold and remove its allergy triggers. However, some government agencies do not encourage the use of bleach to treat mold out of concern for allergic reactions to the active ingredients.
  
  

Warning

• Bleach is a hazardous material containing strong oxidizing agents. It should never be used in conjunction with other household chemicals or cleaners. Mixing bleach with acidic materials such as vinegar, lemon juice or drain cleaners can release toxic chlorine gas. It should never be applied to the skin or directly inhaled as it can irritate and burn mucous membranes.