Making Sense of Head Injuries in Young Athletes
Making Sense of Head Injuries in Young Athletes
There are 34 states with funded head injury surveillance programs that are described by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as "events that include colliding with a moving or stationary object." These events account for approximately 1.6 to 3.8 million sports-related and recreation concussions in the United States annually. Direct medical costs and indirect costs, such as lost productivity, of concussion totaled an estimated $60 billion in the US in 2000.
An estimated 10 million people worldwide are affected every year by a traumatic brain injury (TBI) event. It is projected that TBI will become the third largest cause of global disease burden by 2020. New Zealand was found to have a higher incidence per 100,000 person-years of TBI than high-income countries in Europe and North America, which ranged between 47 and 618 cases. In the United States from 2001 to 2009, an estimated 2.7 million children younger than 19 years were treated annually for sports- and recreation-related injuries in emergency departments (EDs) and 2.5% were admitted or transferred. In the US and Canada, males reported the highest incidence of TBI—70.5% and 71.9% of the visits, respectively.
The estimated number of sports- and recreation-related TBI visits to EDs increased 153,375 to 248,418, and the estimated rate of TBI visits increased from 190 to 298 per 100,000 population in the US. In Edmonton, Canada the rate per 100,000 people treated in EDs age 10–14 (207.9) and 15–19 (203.8) was triple the rate of TBI for those 20–24 years old (67.7) between 1997 and 2008. Children younger than 9 years old most commonly incurred TBI during playground activities and when bicycling. For persons age 10 to 19 years, males sustained TBIs most often while playing football or bicycling, whereas females sustained TBIs most often while playing soccer or basketball or while bicycling. In Canada, hockey, cycling, skiing/snowboarding/sledding, soccer, and football accounted for 59% of all TBIs requiring care.
Epidemiology
There are 34 states with funded head injury surveillance programs that are described by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as "events that include colliding with a moving or stationary object." These events account for approximately 1.6 to 3.8 million sports-related and recreation concussions in the United States annually. Direct medical costs and indirect costs, such as lost productivity, of concussion totaled an estimated $60 billion in the US in 2000.
An estimated 10 million people worldwide are affected every year by a traumatic brain injury (TBI) event. It is projected that TBI will become the third largest cause of global disease burden by 2020. New Zealand was found to have a higher incidence per 100,000 person-years of TBI than high-income countries in Europe and North America, which ranged between 47 and 618 cases. In the United States from 2001 to 2009, an estimated 2.7 million children younger than 19 years were treated annually for sports- and recreation-related injuries in emergency departments (EDs) and 2.5% were admitted or transferred. In the US and Canada, males reported the highest incidence of TBI—70.5% and 71.9% of the visits, respectively.
The estimated number of sports- and recreation-related TBI visits to EDs increased 153,375 to 248,418, and the estimated rate of TBI visits increased from 190 to 298 per 100,000 population in the US. In Edmonton, Canada the rate per 100,000 people treated in EDs age 10–14 (207.9) and 15–19 (203.8) was triple the rate of TBI for those 20–24 years old (67.7) between 1997 and 2008. Children younger than 9 years old most commonly incurred TBI during playground activities and when bicycling. For persons age 10 to 19 years, males sustained TBIs most often while playing football or bicycling, whereas females sustained TBIs most often while playing soccer or basketball or while bicycling. In Canada, hockey, cycling, skiing/snowboarding/sledding, soccer, and football accounted for 59% of all TBIs requiring care.
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