Sheriffs vs. Deputies

• Sheriffs are the chief law enforcement officers for a county, and it is generally an elected position. Sheriffs are supported by a department of deputies. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that most departments have fewer than 50 sworn officers, and the majority of these officers are deputies. As a deputy sheriff, you will perform much of the same duties as a police officer, with a sheriff having many of the same duties as a police captain.
  
  

Education and Age

• Many departments, such as the Jefferson County Sheriff's Department in Colorado, have requirements regarding age and education. This department requires all applicants to be at least 21 years of age. The Jefferson County Department, as well as others, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, requires employees to have at least a high school diploma or equivalency. Some post-secondary education will make you a more attractive candidate and may be required for advancement in the department.
  
  

Tests and Checks

• You will have to pass a medical exam as well as meet basic physical requirements. All potential law enforcement officers must undergo a background check. A psychological examination is part of the application procedure as well to weed out those with mental health problems that can affect job performance.
  
  

Other Tests

• Physical, background and psychological tests aren't the only tests you will have to undergo to become a sheriff or deputy. Many departments also require that you take a polygraph test about criminal behavior, drug and alcohol use, violent behavior and miscellaneous questions regarding ethics.