Canine Dysplasia

• Canine dysplasia refers to a degenerative disease that starts with the abnormal formation of cells in a particular area of the dog's body. The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals indicates that most dysplasia is inherited; it is a genetic defect. Dogs without bloodline history of dysplasia can also develop the condition, however.
  
  There is no specific age when a dog shows signs of dysplasia (including lameness). It can happen at all stages in life, although older dogs are more likely to develop joint dysplasia.
  
  

Hip Dysplasia

• Hip dysplasia is a painful condition that primarily affects large-breed dogs such as retrievers, German shepherds and rottweilers. It occurs when the hip socket and bone do not fit together properly. According to the website Pet Place, large breed male dogs are the most likely to develop hip dysplasia.
  
  Signs of this condition include lameness, reluctance to run and jump, difficulty getting up after lying down and discomfort when lying down or rising. Treatment of canine hip dysplasia can range from a change in diet to anti-inflammatory medication to surgery, depending on your dog's age, breed and the severity of its condition.
  
  

Elbow Dysplasia

• Elbow dysplasia is similar to hip dysplasia. It is also most prevalent in large breeds and can result in arthritis and joint pain. Signs include lameness and stiffness, especially after resting for long periods of time.
  
  

Renal Dysplasia

• Renal dysplasia, also known as familial renal disease, is a condition in which kidney cells develop abnormally. It generally occurs in puppies under two years of age. The disease is potentially fatal as it can cause kidney failure. Signs of renal dysplasia include reduced appetite, depression, lethargy, diarrhea and stunted growth, according to Pet Place.
  
  

Treatment

• Treatment for elbow dysplasia is similar to that of hip dysplasia; possibilities are diet changes, medications and surgery. There is no treatment specific to renal dysplasia; it is treated the same as canine kidney failure. Treatment includes intravenous rehydration, restricted protein and phosphorus diets and monitoring of blood levels, according to Pet Place.
  
  

Prevention

• Prevention of canine hip dysplasia includes selecting a dog from a reputable breeder who can provide a genetic history for his puppies, and maintaining a healthy weight in your dog. Regular exercise is also key to keep your dog stay strong and mobile.
  
  Pet Place also indicates that high-protein, high-energy diets in large-breed puppies should be avoided in order to decrease the risk of elbow dysplasia. There is no known way to prevent renal dysplasia in dogs, but responsible breeding can help decrease genetic risk factors for the disease.