Significance

• Leptospirosis is transmitted through dog-to-animal contact, through contaminated urine and through water supplies, including stagnant water and flooding. The bacteria affect a dog's vital organs, including the kidney, liver and nervous system. Depending on how quickly it is caught and treated with antibiotics, there can be lasting organ damage.
  
  

Symptoms

• A dog infected with leptospirosis may exhibit symptoms similar to flu: lethargy, muscle pain, fever, vomiting and dehydration. A positive diagnosis is made through blood tests.
  
  

Prevention

• Vaccines are available for leptospirosis and may be considered optional by your vet, depending upon your environment. Puppies can be vaccinated at a few months of age, and the vaccine is usually given in two or three doses. An adult dog would receive the vaccine annually, although dogs at high risk may be vaccinated twice a year.
  
  

Considerations

• Similar to the human flu, there are many strains for leptospirosis. When selecting a vaccine, be sure that it protects against multiple strains.
  
  

Warning

• Leptospirosis, if contracted, is a very serious and potentially life-threatening illness. It also is costly, as the dog would likely be required to stay in a hospital during the treatment period. Consult your veterinarian for more information.