• Flooded roadwayflooding image by brelsbil from Fotolia.com
  
  The Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA, advises that floods are one of the most common hazards in the nation. Floods can occur without notice, such as when flash flooding is reported during heavy rainstorms, or they can be the result of dam breakage or heavy precipitation over a prolonged period of time. Since floods can't be fully prevented, being prepared for flooding can ensure you and your family remain calm and safe during a potentially dangerous situation.
  
  

Understanding Terminology

• Flood preparations should begin with a review of basic terminology as it relates to the likelihood of flooding. The flood watch and warning system is provided as a guideline for flood preparedness and should serve as a recommendation for mobilization. Staying informed, by listening to locals news and radio broadcasts, is critical to staying safe and reacting appropriately during any flood watch or warning.
  
  When a flood watch is issued, the possibility of flooding exists given the current situation and future forecasts. Residents should stay tuned to locals news outlets for updates. Flood warnings mean that flooding is occurring, and evacuation may be recommended for areas being affected or forecast to be affected, especially low-lying areas near streams and rivers. In the instance of a flash flood watch, forecasters believe a flash flood is possible, and residents should be prepared to quickly move to higher ground in case of a flash flood warning.
  
  

Housing Considerations

• Protecting your house in case of a flood is an important element in flood preparation, especially for those in low-lying and flood-prone areas. Consider installing the furnace, water heater and electrical panel on the second floor to help reduce the risk of damage from flooding. Basement walls should be sealed, and valves should be installed in drains to help prevent flood water from entering the house.
  
  To prepare for possible flooding, set plans in place to secure your home, move outdoor furniture in and move important items to an upper level. Make sure outside fuel tanks are anchored down ahead of time. Plan to turn off utilities at the main breaker switch and unplug appliances if time permits. Place important documents in a safe place and keep them handy so they can be easily accessed should you need to evacuate.
  
  

Evacuation Routes

• Any flood plans should include a proper evacuation plan. If possible, several routes should be planned in case water blocks your primary route. Understand the dangers of driving through flooded roadways. Never attempt to cross a water-covered road, by foot or car. Flood watches are meant to serve as your first warning. Prepare by having a full tank of gas, a car emergency kit and by reviewing evacuation plans with your family. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends having an out-of-town contact for emergencies. This person will be the central point of contact should any family member become separated during the evacuation process.
  
  

Health and Safety Preparedness

• Flooding can occur suddenly and leave little time for evacuation. Be prepared to survive without modern appliances and amenities should evacuation become impossible. Three to five days' worth of non-perishable food and clean drinking water should be stockpiled. A basic first-aid kit, extra prescription medication, insect repellent and a working radio with batteries are all important supplies to have on hand. A fully charged cellular phone will be helpful for communication with authorities and family members.