What does an MSG-Induced Headache Feel Like?
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Updated August 18, 2015.
You may have heard of a condition known as the Chinese restaurant syndrome. This describes a constellation of symptoms — most notably a headache —that people sometimes experience after eating Chinese restaurant food. While this syndrome has been linked to the MSG content of Chinese food, scientists have not been able to prove this precise connection. Regardless, many people commonly report MSG as a headache or migraine trigger.
Let's take a closer look at MSG and what an MSG-induced headache feels like?
What is MSG?
MSG stands for monosodium glumtamate and is the sodium salt of an amino acid found naturally in our bodies called glutamic acid. While MSG is found naturally in foods, like tomatoes and cheeses, it can also be produced through the fermentation of starch, sugar, or molasses and added to foods.
According to the US Food and Drug Administrations, MSG is "generally recognized as safe," to consume when added to foods. Foods that commonly contain added MSG are processed or packaged foods.
What Does an MSG-Induced Headache Feel Like?
Most people with an MSG-induced headache describe a tightening sensation or even a burning sensation. People will also commonly notice muscle tenderness around their skull. In people with a history of migraines, MSG triggers a migraine — in this instance, people describe a classic throbbing or pulsating headache.
How is an MSG-Induced Headache Diagnosed?
According to criteria from the International Headache Society, an MSG-induced headache develops within 1 hour of consuming MSG and resolves within 72 hours of MSG consumption.
Also, an MSG-rinduced headache has at least one of the following five characteristics:
- Bilateral (i.e., both sides of the head)
- Mild to moderate intensity
- Pulsating quality (i.e., throbbing) — like a migraine
- "associated with flushing of the face, pressure in the face and chest, burning sensation in the neck, shoulders an/or chest, dizziness, and abdominal discomfort."
- aggravated by physical activity
Are There Other Symptoms Associated with an MSG-Induced Headache?
One study in Cephalalgia found that people who consumed a high amount of MSG — like a sugar free soda containing 150mg/kg of MSG — had an increase in their blood pressure, although this was temporary. Chronic daily intake of high doses of MSG may also cause fatigue.
How Does an MSG-Induced Headache Occur?
Scientists are not completely certain on the mechanism behind MSG-induced headaches. It's likely that the glutamate part of MSG activates receptors called NMDA receptors. This activation leads to the release of nitric oxide, which then leads to the dilation or widening of blood vessels around the skull.
Coping
If you suspect MSG is a headache or migraine trigger for you, avoiding it is probably your best bet. Research has shown that developing a tolerance for MSG is unlikely. As always, scope out the nutritional content of all the foods you consume. If you are MSG-sensitive, double check to make sure there is no added MSG, and then enjoy!
Sources
Baad-Hansen L, Cairns B, Ernberg M, & Svensson P. Effect of systemic monosodium glutamate (MSG) on headache and pericranial muscle sensitivity. Cephalalgia. 2010 Jan;30(1):68-76.
Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. "The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 3rd Edition (beta version)". Cephalalgia 2013;33(9):629-808.
Shimada A et al. Headache and mechanical sensitization of human pericranial muscles after repeated intake of monosodium glutamate (MSG). J Headache Pain. 2013 Jan 24;14:2
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2012). Questions and Answers on Monosodium glutamate (MSG). Retrieved Aug 9th 2015, from http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/FoodAdditivesIngredients/ucm328728.htm
DISCLAIMER: The information in this site is for informational purposes only. It should not be used as a substitute for personal care by a licensed physician. Please see your doctor for advice, diagnosis, and treatment of any concerning symptoms or medical condition.
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