Symptoms

• Seed rot is characterized by fuzzy or stringy fungal growth on the roots or on the soil around the base of the seedling soybean plant. This growth will have a different appearance that varies, depending on which specific type of fungus has infected the plant, but will typically be white, brown or black in color. The soybean plant will have a wilted, limp aspect to its stem and leaves, and will lose its vibrant green color.
  
  

Causes

• Seed rot can be caused by many factors, not least of which is planting with soil already infected throughout with fungal agents. In addition, imperfections in the seed coat, such as breaks or wounds, create an entry point for these infective plant fungi to gain a foothold. Overwatering and poorly drained soil create a perfect environment for the fungi that cause damping off in soybean plants to thrive. Delayed germination conditions will also provide fungi a better chance to initiate infection.
  
  

Treatment

• Application of a broad-spectrum fungicide is the most direct method of treatment of this issue in soybean cultivation. A broad spectrum fungicide is efficient because it will be effective against many of the different types of fungus that cause damping off in soybeans. While there is the possible side effect of contributing to fungicide resistance, as long as the fungus is thoroughly eradicated, this should not be an issue. It is best to apply the antifungal treatment as soon as symptoms are noted, as this will prevent the further spread of the seed-rot disease throughout the soybean field.
  
  

Prevention

• Seed rot in soybeans is most effectively prevented by planting in soil well aerated so that it will drain well. You must diligently avoid over-watering, and provide the best possible conditions for quick germination. Sterile soil and seed stock can be purchased to provide an extra measure of insurance. Finally, seed stock from cultivars specifically developed for disease and fungal resistance is also an effective prevention method.