As every couple is different it's impossible to go over ever single scenario detailing a fight.
It's safe to say that fights start because of conflict an attitude.
The difference with fights and arguments is that arguments are semi-civilized.
Once the arguments turn to yelling and outrageous bursts of anger, that's a fight.
Arguing is healthy, fighting is not.
After a fight both people need to calm down.
There is nothing to be gained in talking to each other when someone is still upset, it's just going to lead the way for another confrontation.
If you're having a hard time expressing yourself, or are afraid you'll get angry write a letter.
Explain how you feel and how you think things can get better.
And most importantly, don't forget to apologize.
The apology is the heart of any make up.
Without a proper apology it's not likely that the couple can move past the issue, at best it would be buried and come out at another time.
Apologies need to be sincere.
It's possible that you're not sorry for your stance on an issue, but you are sorry for yelling and you're going to do your best to understand your partners side.
No matter what the situation is at some point the words "I'm sorry" need to come out of your mouth.
Communication is the key to any healthy relationship.
So after the fight and apology are all done with work on the communication.
It doesn't have to be intense, just talking about life is a great way to improve the way you talk to each other.
Remember that you're friends as well as lovers.
With better communication there are going to be a lot less fights and a lot more time to enjoy together.